A polygraph, also called a lie detector, is a machine that records and measures several physiological indicators while a subject is answering questions, including skin conductivity, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration.
The polygraph equipment records the subjects' physiological reactions to a series of questions posed throughout the exam. Following the test, the examiner reviews the data to ascertain if the subject is telling the truth or lying.
Yes, the test is completely confidential. Disclosure of the results is limited to those listed in an agreement signed by the examinee and the examiner prior to the examination unless otherwise specified by law.
Private Attorney Testing:
If a polygraph examination is arranged and paid for by an attorney as part of their legal strategy, the results and any related communications are protected under attorney-client privilege. This privilege applies because the polygraph is being used to aid the attorney in providing legal advice or preparing for a case..
A polygraph examination typically takes between 2 to 3 hours. The duration can vary depending on several factors, such as the complexity of the case, the number of questions asked, and the examinee's responses.
The process generally includes three main phases:
1. Pre-Test Interview (30-60 minutes): The examiner explains the procedure, discusses the questions that will be asked, and establishes a baseline for the examinee's physiological responses.
2. Data Collection and Analysis (60-90 minutes): The actual polygraph test is conducted, where the examinee is asked the relevant questions while the polygraph machine records their physiological responses. Following data collection, the interpretation of data is reviewed and scored.
3. Post-Test Interview (30 minutes or more): The examiner reviews the results and may discuss the findings with the examinee.
The overall time can be longer if there are multiple tests or if further clarification is needed during the post-test discussion.
The admissibility of polygraph results in court varies depending on the jurisdiction and the specific case. In general:
Courts: The admissibility of polygraph results varies by state. Some states allow them under certain conditions, such as when both parties agree to their use, while others completely bar them from being used as evidence.
The cost of a polygraph test can vary widely depending on several factors, such as the location, the experience of the examiner, the purpose of the test, and the complexity of the questions. In general, you can expect to pay between $600 to $800 for a polygraph examination. It’s important to ensure that the examiner is properly licensed and experienced to get the most accurate results for your money.
Preparing for a polygraph examination involves both physical and mental readiness. Here are some tips to help you prepare effectively
Preparing for Your Examination:
1. Get a Good Night’s Sleep:
Make sure you are well-rested before the examination. Fatigue can affect your physiological responses.
2. Avoid Alcohol and Drugs:
Do not consume alcohol, illegal drugs, or other substances (including marijuana) for at least 24 hours before the examination.
If you are taking prescribed medications, continue taking them as directed and inform the examiner.
3. Eat Normally:
Eat a regular meal before the examination.
Avoid caffeine (coffee, energy drinks, soda) and do not skip meals.
4. Dress Comfortably:
Wear comfortable clothing and dress in layers.
Wear a short-sleeved shirt as your bottom layer to allow the blood pressure cuff to be placed on your arm.
You may be asked to remove your shoes; please wear clean socks.
Avoid wearing jewelry including watches, necklaces, bracelets, and earrings.
Shoulder-length hair should be secured
5. Bring Valid Identification:
A government-issued photo ID (e.g., driver’s license, passport) is required.
Additional Notes:
Cell phones and electronic devices must be turned off during the examination.
You may bring a small bottle of water if needed.
Inform the examiner of any medical conditions or injuries that could affect your ability to complete the test.
By following these steps, you'll be in the best possible state to undergo a polygraph examination. The key is to be honest, stay calm, and trust the process.
In general:
Immediate Results: In many cases, the examiner can provide a preliminary assessment within 1-2 hours after completing the examination. This initial feedback is based on the physiological data collected during the test.
Detailed analysis and report: Every polygraph examination conducted by Fact Finders will include a final written report, including detailed findings and conclusions which will be provided to the consumer within 24-48 hours.
Severe developmental deficits
Active psychosis
Impaired by drugs or alcohol
Dementia
Anyone unable to give permission to take part in the exam
Anyone under the legal age of 12. Parental or guardian consent is required for all persons under the age of 18.
Anyone unable to sit still and remain sat for longer than seven minutes at a time.
Anyone experiencing severe distress
Medical issues that make it impossible to install the polygraph sensors
An examinee experiencing a temporary illness
Pregnant women are suitable to take a polygraph only with a doctor's release.
Choosing a reliable polygraph examiner is crucial for ensuring accurate and trustworthy results. Here are some key factors to consider when selecting a polygraph examiner:
1. Training, Certification and Licensing:
Training: Ensure the examiner has graduated from an accredited polygraph school. Todd Eby graduated from the PEAK Credibility Assessment Training Center located in Lakeland, FL. PEAK is widely considered the best polygraph school in the United States peakcatc.com/
Certification: Ensure the examiner is certified by a reputable organization, such as the American Polygraph Association (APA). Certification indicates that the examiner adheres to industry standards. Todd Eby is currently in good standing with the American Polygraph Association (APA), the American Association of Police Polygraphists (AAPP), and the Michigan Association of Polygraph Examiners (MAPE).
Licensing: Some states or regions require polygraph examiners to be licensed. Verify that the examiner holds a valid license if required in your state. The State of Michigan requires polygraph examiners to be licensed through the Department of Licensing and Regulatory Affairs (LARA). Todd Eby is properly licensed through the state of Michigan holding Forensic Polygraph Public Examiner License#6002020055 and Forensic Polygraph Private Examiner License#6001020045.
2. Experience:
Look for an examiner with extensive experience in conducting polygraph tests. Ask how long they’ve been practicing and how many examinations they’ve conducted. Experience in specific areas, such as criminal investigations or pre-employment screening, may be beneficial depending on your needs. Todd Eby has conducted hundreds of polygraph examinations.
3. Professionalism and Ethics:
A good examiner should adhere to ethical guidelines, maintain confidentiality, and provide a fair and unbiased examination. They should explain the process clearly, answer your questions, and not guarantee specific outcomes.
4. Technology and Methods:
Inquire about the equipment and methods used by the examiner. Modern, well-maintained equipment and up-to-date techniques are essential for accurate results. Fact Finders uses the most modern and scientifically advanced polygraph equipment, software, and testing techniques. Fact Finders' modern technology and testing methods provide the highest accuracy rates and lowest inconclusive rates.